MOBILE Working Paper Series

Center of Excellence on Global Mobility Law: Working Papers

2026

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 109: From Finding New Ground to Standing Their Ground: Legal Change and the Uses of International Judgments in Danish Asylum Law, by Sarah Scott Ford, Anouk Lamé, and Nora Stappert [EMBARGO]

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 107: From posts to proof: Classifying the evidentiary uses of social media traces in refugee status determination, by Maya Ellen Hertz and Marieke Anne Heyl

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 106: Data Report: Anchoring International Law’s Dynamism (ANCHOR) project, by Anouk Lamé, Sarah Scott Ford, and Nora Stappert

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 105: Authoritarian Borders? Turning Authoritarian International Law Inside-Out, by Christopher Szabla

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 104: Editor’s Introduction: Global Mobility Law - Rethinking the Role of Law in Movement Across Borders, by William Hamilton Byrne and Sarah Scott Ford

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 103: Global Commerce and Global Mobility Law, by Francesco Corradini

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 102: Freedom of Movement, Sovereignty, and the Third World in Postwar International Law (1948–1968), by Sara Cosemans

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 101: To be or not to be a worker: Legal uncertainty and precarious employment in the European Union, by Dorte Sindbjerg Martinsen, Lucía López Zurita and Urška Šadl

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 100: El principio de no discriminación racial o étnica en políticas públicas de vivienda: límites en la jurisprudencia del TJUE, by Lucía López Zurita

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 99: El gato de Schrödinger en el Tribunal Supremo: la irregularidad regular del solicitante de asilo, by Lucía López Zurita

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 98: LLMs as annotators of credibility assessment in Danish asylum decisions: evaluating classification performance and errors beyond aggregated metrics, by Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux, Mohammad Naser Sabet Jahromi, Rohat Bakuri-Jørgensen, Marieke Anne Heyl, Asta S. Stage Jarlner, Maria Vlachou, Anna Murphy Høgenhaug, Desmond Elliott, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Thomas B. Moeslund 

• 97: Not just new wine in old bottles: Seeing refugee law and human rights as entangled regimes, by Sarah Scott Ford [EMBARGO]

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 96: Entangled Asylum, by Sarah Scott Ford [EMBARGO]

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 95: Conceptualizing Professionalism(s) in International Criminal Justice: Editors’ Introduction, by Alex Batesmith, Nora Stappert, Ilaria Zavoli [EMBARGO]

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 94: A Practice-Oriented Approach to (De)Legitimation: Materiality, Embodied Practices, and Normativity, by Nora Stappert and Frank Gadinger

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 93: Restrictive Immigration: The Reduction of Support Provisions for Vulnerable Asylum Seekers, by Kamille Munch Andreasen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 92: Route 66: Mutations of the internal market explored through the prism of citation networks, by Urska Sadl, Lucía López Zurita, and Sebastiano Piccolo

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 91: Comparing regional membership: people-centric citizenship norms in ECOWAS and ASEAN, by Amalie Ravn Weinrich

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 90: An International Human Rights Law of Migration? Reflections on the Place of a Right to Immigrate, by Frédéric Mégret

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 89: Infrastructuring pathways: traversing the legal infrastructure of mobility in South America, by Andrea Jiménez Laurence

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 88: Reconciling the Tensions of the European Deportation Regime: How the law shapes compulsory mobility across borders, by Anouk Marine Lamé

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 87: Environmental governance and political contestation in contexts of illegal small-scale gold mining in Ghana, by  Leonora Kleppa Stærfeldt and Paul Austin Stacey

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 86: The European Court of Justice Dataset: Legal Issues and Doctrine, by Urska Sadl, Stein Arne Brekke, Lucía López Zurita, Eun Hye Kim 

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 85: Citizenship as Mobility Capital, by Christian Brown Prener

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 84: Citizenship Revocation: A Spatial Perspective on a Citizenist Practice, by Christian Brown Prener

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 83: Citizenship Revocation as Punishment, by Christian Brown Prener

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 82: Credibility as a Fuzzy Concept in Refugee Law: A Systemic Literature Review, by Asta S. Stage Jarlner, Maya Ellen Hertz, Marieke Anne Heyl, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and William Hamilton Byrne

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 81: Managing Fuzziness: Leveraging LLMs for Discovering Credibility Indicators in Asylum Cases, by Frederik Bay-Jørgensen, Henrik Palmer Olsen, Mohammad N. S. Jahromi, Thomas B. Moeslund, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen

2025

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 80: Conceptual Misalignment in XAI, by Rolf Hvidtfedt, Mohammad N. S, Jahromi, Àlex Pujol Vidal, Stine N. Christensen, Jeppe A. Nielsen, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Thomas Ploug, Thomas B. Moeslund

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 79: In the shadow of law: navigating ECOWAS free movement law in West African borderlands, by Amalie Ravn Weinrich

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 78: What “Real Risk” Means For AI-Assisted Refugee Status Determination, by Maya Ellen Hertz, William Hamilton Byrne, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 77: Thinking about academic networks through social network analysis, by Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 76: Article 1D of the Refugee Convention and Palestinians from Gaza: the cessation of UNRWA protection and assistance?, by Nikolas Tan Feith

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 75: Opening a Black Box: Introducing a New Dataset on the Composition of German Administrative Court, by Maren Lüdecke

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 74: Waves of Securitisation: The Rise, Fall and Resurgence of Citizenship Stripping Regulations in Europe, 1960-2022, by Luuk van der Baaren, Maria Gerdes, and Maarten Vink

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 73, 2025: Aux Origines Nationalistes De L'État-Providence Danois, by Mikael Rask Madsen and Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 72, 2025: Liminal Phases and Electronic Waste: Interrogating Temporality in International Law, Leonora Kleppa Stærfeldt

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 71, 2025: Trans "Enough" for Protection? Experimenting With Credibility in Refugee Status Determination, Maya Ellen Hertz and Asta Sofie Stage Jarlner

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 70, 2025: The Devil is in the Details: Age-Based Discrimination of Children in the Context of Migration, by Rebecca Thorburn Stern

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 69, 2025: The Policy Impact of the Court of Justice of the European Union, by Lucía López Zurita and Dorte Sindbjerg Martinsen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 68, 2025: From Survival Cannibalism to Climate Politics: Rethinking Regina v Dudley and Stephens, by Itamar Mann

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 67, 2025: Re-defining the Mobility Paradigm in International Law, by Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and William Hamilton Byrne

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 66, 2025: Towards a Computational Turn in European Migration Law, by Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and William Hamilton Byrne

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 65, 2025: The Datafication of Mobility: Reading Across Legal and Socio-Technical Infrastructures, by Alice Fill

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 64, 2025: Externalization, by Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 63, 2025: Denmark's 'Ghetto Laws' before the Court of Justice, by Lucía López Zurita

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 62, 2025: State Crimes against Migrants as a Face of Crimmigration: Rethinking the Crime-Migration Nexus, by Irina Fehr

2024

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 61, 2024: Brokering in uncharted terrain: The revocation of protection in Norwegian and Danish asylum cases, by Sarah Scott Ford

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 60, 2024: La persecución política como crimen de lesa humanidad. El caso de Nicaragua, by Andrea Jiménez Laurence

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 59, 2024: Thinking infrastructurally about the EU’s Circular Economy regulation: fostering the interaction between EU product and waste regimes, by Dimitris Tsiatsianis 

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 58, 2024: Beyond the Normative Impasse of Environmental Migration: From Regimes to Infrastructures in a Latin American Key, by Florian F. Hoffmann and Leilane Nascimento dos Reis Santos

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 57, 2024: The ‘hairs of hope’: toward a fuller understanding of the legal, material and social infrastructure of infrastructure, by Mariana Valverde

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 56, 2024: Unruly Practices at the Border: From Mobility Regimes to Infrastructures in Latin America, by Andrea Jiménez Laurence and Florian F. Hoffmann

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 55, 2024: The Passports They Carry: Passport Inequality and Visa Barriers to Global South Scholars’ Mobility, by Mert Cangönül and Ezgi Yildiz

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 54, 2024: Refugee agency in secondary mobility decision-making: a systematic literature review, by Sinem Kavak, Mo Hamza, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and Russell A. Stone

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 53, 2024: What role for law in refugee studies? Towards a transdisciplinary agenda, by Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and Daniel Ghezelbash

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 52, 2024: The Travel Visa as the Ubiquitous Legal Infrastructure of Everyday Global Mobility Arbitrariness, by Frédéric Mégret

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 51, 2024: Breakdowns at the Border: Legal Infrastructures and Political Polarization, by Jaya Ramji-Nogales

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 50, 2024: Free movement for whom? Gendered dynamics in the access to mobility infrastructures in West Africa, by Amalie Ravn Weinrich

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 49, 2024: Editors’ Introduction to Special Issue on Legal Infrastructures, by William Hamilton Byrne, Thomas-Gammeltoft-Hansen and Nora Stappert

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 48, 2024:  Réflexions sur la production routinière des jugements d’éloignements par les juges du fond : approche pragmatique et méthodes computationnelles, by Anouk Marine Lamé 

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 47, 2024: The Influence of Legal Scholars on the Development of International Investment Law, by William Hamilton Byrne

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 46, 2024: Between Contestation and Support: Explaining Elites’ Confidence in the International Criminal Court, by Nora Stappert and Soetkin Verhaegen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 45, 2024: Infrastructural harm: Rethinking ocean governance and justice amidst challenges of the Anthropocene , by Vonintsoa Rafaly

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 44, 2024: Mobile Phone Data Transforming Casework in Asylum Decision-making. Insights from the Danish Case, by Trine Rask Nielsen, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and Naja Holten Møller 

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 43, 2024: Citizenship as Legal Infrastructure, by Christian Brown Prener and Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 42, 2024: Responding to What? Reformulated Questions and Useful Answers at the Court of Justice, by Lucía López Zurita

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 41, 2024: Cruise Ships in International Law: Towards a Theory of Legal Infrastructure, by 
  Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and Itamar Mann

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 40, 2024: China and Refugee Law, by Guofu Liu and Mei Yang

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 39, 2024: Trust Issues? Article 99 RoP Reasoned Orders in the Preliminary Reference Procedure, by Lucía López Zurita 

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 38, 2024:  SIDU-TXT: An XAI algorithm for NLP with a holistic assessment approach, by Mohammad N. S. Jahromi, Satya M. Muddamsetty, Asta Sofie Stage Jarlner, Anna Højberg Høgenhaug, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, and Thomas B. Moeslund

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 37, 2024: Silent Justice: Exploring the lack of EU litigation for migrant rights in Greece, by Virginia Passalacqua.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 36, 2024: Doctrinal Legal Science: A Science of its Own?, by Henrik Palmer Olsen and William Hamilton Byrne.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 35, 2024: The Border Within: Mobility, Stereotypes and Asylum Seekers as Migrants, by Frédéric Mégret.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 34, 2024: Is Discrimination in Immigration Racist?, by Frédéric Mégret.

2023

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 33, 2023: Legal Infrastructures: Towards a Conceptual Framework, by William Hamilton Byrne, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, and Nora Stappert.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 32, 2023: Bridging the Gap: Practice Theory in Interdisciplinary International Law and International Relations Scholarship, by Nora Stappert and Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 31, 2023: Bridging the citizenship law implementation gap: a typology for comparative analysis, by Lucas Van Der Baaren.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 30, 2023: Procedural Conservatism of National Courts in Asylum Adjudication, by Hubert Bekisz.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 29, 2023: Back to the Future? The Evolution of European Social Citizenship through the Lens of Citations, by Eftychia Constantinou.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 28, 2023: Digital Evidence in Refugee Status Determination, by William Hamilton Byrne and Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 27, 2023: The Blind Men and the Elephant: An Empirical Analysis of the Social Sciences in International Law by Silvia Steininger, William Hamilton Byrne, and Raphael Oidtmann.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 26, 2023: Roaming Rights and/as Global Mobility – Reimagining Movement for a Nomadic Age, by Frédéric Mégret.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 25, 2023: Transnational Discrimination: The Case of Casteism and the Indian Diaspora, by Frédéric Mégret and Moushita Dutta.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 24, 2023: This Border Called My Skin, by Jaya Ramji-Nogales.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 23, 2023: Forging Solidarity, by Amy Chin-Arroyo and Jaya Ramji-Nogales.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 22, 2023: Nordic Asylum Practice in Relation to Religious Conversion: Insights from Denmark, Norway and Sweden by Anna Højberg Høgenhaug, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, and Asta Sofie Stage Jarlner.
  

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 21, 2023: Untangling the Legal Infrastructure of Schengen by William Hamilton Byrne and Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen.
  

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 20, 2023: Fundamental Rights Complaints in the Preliminary Reference Procedure by Lucía López Zurita.
  

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 19, 2023: The European Community of Law and the Communities of Case-Law: Understanding Legal Concepts and Processes Through the Lens of Community Detection Algorithms by Urška Šadl, Lucía López Zurita, and Sebastiano Piccolo.
  

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 18, 2023: EU Lawlessness Law at the EU-Belarusian Border: Torture and Dehumanisation Excused by ‘Instrumentalisation’ by Sarah Ganty, Aleksandra Jolkina, and Dimitry Vladimirovich Kochenov.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 17, 2023: On China’s Exploration of Skilled Migration System and Concurrently: On the Transformation of Foreign Talents System by Liu Guofu.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 16, 2023: On the Underlying Causes of Risen Dual Nationality Policy by Liu Guofu.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 15, 2023: Digital Exclusions: Legal Identity, Identification, and the Sustainable Development Goals in Southeast Asia by Christoph Sperfeldt.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 14, 2023: Danish Asylum Adjudication using Deep Neural Networks and Natural Language Processing by Satya M. Muddamsetty, Mohammad N. S. Jahromi, Thomas B. Moeslund, and Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 13, 2023: Citizenship Revocation and The Question of Proportionate Consequences: Latest Judgment from The Danish Supreme Court Sheds New Light on the Limits of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Right by Christian Brown Prener.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 12, 2023: Travel documents by Luuk van der Baaren and Dimitry V. Kochenov.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 11, 2023: The European Court of Justice, an Able and Unwilling Lawmaker: Evidence from 920 Free Movement and Persons Judgements by Urška Šadl and Silje Hermansen.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 10, 2023: Is critique part of the practice of international law? by William Hamilton Byrne.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 9, 2023: A Spoonful of Sugar: Deference at the European Court of Justice by Lucía López Zurita and Stein Arne Brekke

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 8, 2023: Explainable AI and Law: An Evidential Survey by Karen McGregor Richmond, Satya M. Muddamsetty, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Henrik Palmer Olsen, Thomas B. Moeslund.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 7, 2023: Interception at Sea by Itamar Mann.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 6, 2023: Exit Rights, Seamless Borders and the New Carceral State by Audrey Macklin.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 5 2023. On predicting and explaining asylum adjudication by Sebastiano Antonio Piccolo, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Panagiota Katsikouli, Tijs Slaats.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 4 2023. Territoriality from the Sea: Political Action in a World of Vanishing Exteriority by Itamar Mann.

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 3, 2023, Machine Learning and Asylum Adjudications: From Analysis of Variations to Outcome Predictions by Panagiota Katsikouli, William Hamilton Byrne, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Anna Højberg Høgenhaug, Naja Holten Møller, Trine Rask Nielsen, Henrik Palmer Olsen, Tijs Slaats

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 2, 2023, Network analysis and comparative migration law: examples from the European Court of Human Rights by William Hamilton Byrne, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Henrik Palmer Olsen

• MOBILE Working Paper Series, no. 1, 2023, Data Driven Futures of International Refugee Law by William Hamilton Byrne, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Sebastiano Piccolo, Naja Holten Møller, Tijs Slaats, Panagiota Katsikouli